not about life Addiction long illness a lifestyle choice

Addiction is a major health problem that costs as much as all other mental illnesses combined (about £40 billion per year) and about as much as cancer and cardiovascular disorders also.

At its core addiction is just a state of altered brain function that leads to fundamental changes in behavior which can be manifest by repeated usage of alcohol and other drugs or engaging in activities such as for example gambling.  They are usually resisted, albeit unsuccessfully, by the addict.  The main element options that come with addiction is therefore a situation of habitual behaviour such as for example drug taking or gambling that is initially enjoyable but which eventually becomes self-sustaining or habitual. The urge to participate in the behaviour becomes so powerful that it disrupts normal life often to the point of overtaking work, personal relationships and family activities. At this time the individual can be said to be addicted: the addict's every thought and action is directed with their addiction and anything else suffers.

If the addictive behaviour is difficult e.g. because they do not have sufficient money then feelings of intense distress emerge. These can lead to dangerously impulsive and sometimes aggressive actions.  In case of drug/alcohol addiction the specific situation is compounded by the occurrence of withdrawal reactions which cause further distress and motivate desperate attempts to locate more of the addictive agent. This urge to get the drug may be so overpowering that addicts will commit seemingly random crimes to get the resources to get more drug. It has been estimated that about 70% of most acquisitive crime is connected with drug and alcohol use.

Addiction is driven by a sophisticated group of internal and external factors.  The external factors are well understood:  the more use of the desired drug or behaviour e.g. gambling the more addiction there is.

The interior factors are less clear. Although most addiction is to alcohol and other drugs, addiction to gambling and other behaviours such as for instance sex or shopping can occur. These tell us that the brain can develop hard-to-control urges independent of changing its chemistry with drugs.  All addictions share a common thread in they are initially pleasurable activities, often extremely enjoyable. This results in these behaviours hijacking the brain's normal pleasure systems in order that naturally enjoyable activities such as for instance family life, work, exercise become devalued and the more excessive addiction behaviours take over.

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